Modulatory effect of Brassica oleracea L. var.italica extract in chemically induced mammary carcinomas in rats

Broccoli, super detoxifying agent, crude extract was evaluated for antibreast cancer property in-vitro and in-vivo aspects. The in-vitro anti-cancer effect was applied on MCF7, human breast cancer cell line, obtained from Sweden. Breast cancer in rats was induced chemically by 7, 12-dimethylbenz-(a)anthracene (DMBA) administration. Antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory biomarkers, estrogen and progesterone hormones, rate growth cancer limiting enzymes activities (aromatase and α1Na + /K + ATPase) and tumor biomarker (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA) were determined. In in-vitro study, broccoli extract decreased the MCF-7cell growth (12.50%). In addition, the extract showed antioxidant activity and selective anti-inflammatory effect. Broccoli extract showed promising anti-breast cancer effect as it inhibited cancer growth rate limiting enzymes, aromatase (4.07±0.70 and 3.90±0.63 μg Eq/ml) and Na + /K + ATPase (0.48±0.06 and 0.89±0.24μg Eq/ml). In addition, it suppressed CEA (306.00±0.87 and 149.00±1.00μgEq/ml) for the protective and therapeutic groups, respectively, which were significantly amplified as a response for breast cancer induction (8.33±1.34, 5.70±0.91 and 524.17±1.02μgEq/ml, respectively). Broccoli extract regulated sexual hormones production as it induced progesterone production and depleted estrogen levels that significantly affected by breast cancer induction. It could be concluded from research results that broccoli has anti-breast cancer activity proved in both in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations which may be attributed to its orchestral activity approach includes inhibition aromatase, Na + /K + ATPase and cyclooxigenases-2 activities, antioxidant activity and sex hormone regulation.